Linux centos7 安装 MySQL5.7.x

一、下载安装

下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

下载地址：
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2. wget 下载方式

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3. 安装

# 解压
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

# 再移动并重命名一下
mv mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

# 创建mysql用户组和用户并修改权限
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

# 创建数据目录并赋予权限
mkdir -p  /data/mysql              
chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql   

# 配置my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

内容如下（原内容清空即可）：

[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
#character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
lower_case_table_names=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
max_connections=1000
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive_timeout=31536000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

4. 初始化数据库

# 进入mysql的bin目录
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

# 初始化
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

#  查看密码
cat /data/mysql/mysql.err

# 先将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

# 启动
service mysql start

# 查看进程
ps -ef|grep mysql

到这里说明mysql已经安装成功了！！
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

操作记录：

[root@localhost app]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost app]# mv mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost app]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost app]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost app]# mkdir -p  /data/mysql              #创建目录
[root@localhost app]# chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql   #赋予权限
[root@localhost app]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost app]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
[root@localhost bin]# cat /data/mysql/mysql.err
2021-06-23T12:10:13.135921Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-06-23T12:10:13.310540Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-06-23T12:10:13.354777Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-06-23T12:10:13.455013Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f6c9acb5-d41b-11eb-af0b-000c293777d6.
2021-06-23T12:10:13.457378Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-06-23T12:10:14.122833Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-06-23T12:10:14.491356Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wevML>n_q8=;
[root@localhost bin]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

[root@localhost bin]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root       3583      1  0 20:11 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
mysql      3774   3583  3 20:11 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root       3806   3157  0 20:12 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

二、修改密码

2.1. 修改密码

# 首先登录mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysql -u root -p
输入密码：(前面的那个是随机生成的)                    
2
3
4

2.2. 修改密码

# 再执行下面三步操作，然后重新登录。
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                           
2
3
4

2.3. 允许远程访问

说明

# 这时候你如果使用远程连接……你会发现你无法连接。
use mysql                                            #访问mysql库
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';      #使root能再任何host访问
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                    #刷新   
2
3
4

直接执行

use mysql;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
2
3

2.4. 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

ok！！！！MySQL5.7就装好了

2.4. 建立mysql软连接

如果不希望每次都到bin目录下使用mysql命令则执行以下命令

ln -s  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql    /usr/bin