- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
-
- class Human
- {
- public:
- virtual void eat()
- {
- cout << "Human: virtual void eat()" << endl;
- }
-
- void sleep() // 非虚函数,不具有多态性
- {
- cout << "Human: void sleep()" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- class Man : public Human
- {
- public:
- virtual void eat() // 此处的virtual可省略,但最好不要省略
- {
- cout << "Man: virtual void eat()" << endl;
- }
-
- void sleep()
- {
- cout << "Man: void sleep()" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- int main()
- {
- Human *p, h;
- Man m;
-
- p = &h;
- p->eat();
- p->sleep();
-
- p = &m;
- p->eat();
- p->sleep();
-
- return 0;
- }
结果为:
Human: virtual void eat()
Human: void sleep()
Man: virtual void eat()
Human: void sleep()
多态(动态多态)条件:1. 发生在基类和派生类之间;2.都是虚函数;3.函数首部要相同(注意:如果返回值类型不同,则会报错啊,我以前不知道这一点,还以为即使返回值不一样,也可以通过晚绑定来实现多态呢!)。
上面的程序也可以改成引用形式:
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
-
- class Human
- {
- public:
- virtual void eat()
- {
- cout << "Human: virtual void eat()" << endl;
- }
-
- void sleep() // 非虚函数,不具有多态性
- {
- cout << "Human: void sleep()" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- class Man : public Human
- {
- public:
- virtual void eat() // 此处的virtual可省略,但最好不要省略
- {
- cout << "Man: virtual void eat()" << endl;
- }
-
- void sleep()
- {
- cout << "Man: void sleep()" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- void testEat(Human & b)
- {
- b.eat();
- }
-
- void testSleep(Human & b)
- {
- b.sleep();
- }
-
- int main()
- {
- Human h;
- Man m;
-
- testEat(h);
- testSleep(h);
-
- testEat(m);
- testSleep(m);
-
- return 0;
- }
结果为指针形式的结果一样。在下面的讨论中,我们采用指针的形式,继续看程序:
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
-
- class Human
- {
- public:
- virtual void eat()
- {
- cout << "Human: virtual void eat()" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- class Man : public Human
- {
- public:
- // error C2555: 'Man::eat' : overriding virtual function differs
- // from 'Human::eat' only by return type or calling convention
- virtual int eat()
- {
- cout << "Man: virtual int eat()" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- int main()
- {
- Human *p, h;
- Man m;
-
- p = &h;
- p->eat();
-
- p = &m;
- p->eat();
-
- return 0;
- }
由上面的程序可知,仅仅返回值不同,会报错啊(我以前以为这样也可以有多态性呢)。继续看:
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
-
- class Human
- {
- public:
- virtual void eat(int a)
- {
- cout << "Human: virtual void eat(int a)" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- class Man : public Human
- {
- public:
- virtual void eat(float a) // 不具有多态性
- {
- cout << "Man: virtual void eat(float a)" << endl;
- }
- };
-
- int main()
- {
- Human *p, h;
- Man m;
-
- p = &h;
- p->eat(1);
-
- p = &m;
- p->eat(1);
-
- return 0;
- }
结果为:
Human: virtual void eat(int a)
Human: virtual void eat(int a)
现在,总该对多态有基本的认识了吧。