Python select.select 模块通信全过程详解

一、理解 select.select

要理解select.select模块其实主要就是要理解它的参数, 以及其三个返回值。

select()方法接收并监控3个通信列表， 第一个是所有的输入的data,就是指外部发过来的数据，第2个是监控和接收所有要发出去的data(outgoing data),第3个监控错误信息

readable, writable, exceptional = select.select(inputs, outputs, inputs)

第一个参数就是服务器端的socket, 第二个是我们在运行过程中存储的客户端的socket, 第三个存储错误信息。

重点是在返回值, 第一个返回的是可读的 list, 第二个存储的是可写的 list, 第三个存储的是错误信息的 list。

这个也不必深究, 看看代码自己分析下就能有大概理解。

二、示例

1. 服务器端

# coding: utf-8
import select
import socket
import Queue
from time import sleep


# Create a TCP/IP
server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.setblocking(False)

# Bind the socket to the port
server_address = ('localhost', 8090)
print ('starting up on %s port %s' % server_address)
server.bind(server_address)

# Listen for incoming connections
server.listen(5)

# Sockets from which we expect to read
inputs = [server]

# Sockets to which we expect to write
# 处理要发送的消息
outputs = []

# Outgoing message queues (socket: Queue)
message_queues = {}

while inputs:
    # Wait for at least one of the sockets to be ready for processing
    print ('waiting for the next event')
    # 开始select 监听, 对input_list 中的服务器端server 进行监听
    # 一旦调用socket的send, recv函数，将会再次调用此模块
    readable, writable, exceptional = select.select(inputs, outputs, inputs)

    # Handle inputs
    # 循环判断是否有客户端连接进来, 当有客户端连接进来时select 将触发
    for s in readable:
        # 判断当前触发的是不是服务端对象, 当触发的对象是服务端对象时,说明有新客户端连接进来了
        # 表示有新用户来连接
        if s is server:
            # A "readable" socket is ready to accept a connection
            connection, client_address = s.accept()
            print ('connection from', client_address)
            # this is connection not server
            connection.setblocking(0)
            # 将客户端对象也加入到监听的列表中, 当客户端发送消息时 select 将触发
            inputs.append(connection)

            # Give the connection a queue for data we want to send
            # 为连接的客户端单独创建一个消息队列，用来保存客户端发送的消息
            message_queues[connection] = Queue.Queue()
        else:
            # 有老用户发消息, 处理接受
            # 由于客户端连接进来时服务端接收客户端连接请求，将客户端加入到了监听列表中(input_list), 客户端发送消息将触发
            # 所以判断是否是客户端对象触发
            data = s.recv(1024)
            # 客户端未断开
            if data != '':
                # A readable client socket has data
                print ('received "%s" from %s' % (data, s.getpeername()))
                # 将收到的消息放入到相对应的socket客户端的消息队列中
                message_queues[s].put(data)
                # Add output channel for response
                # 将需要进行回复操作socket放到output 列表中, 让select监听
                if s not in outputs:
                    outputs.append(s)
            else:
                # 客户端断开了连接, 将客户端的监听从input列表中移除
                # Interpret empty result as closed connection
                print ('closing', client_address)
                # Stop listening for input on the connection
                if s in outputs:
                    outputs.remove(s)
                inputs.remove(s)
                s.close()

                # Remove message queue
                # 移除对应socket客户端对象的消息队列
                del message_queues[s]

    # Handle outputs
    # 如果现在没有客户端请求, 也没有客户端发送消息时, 开始对发送消息列表进行处理, 是否需要发送消息
    # 存储哪个客户端发送过消息
    for s in writable:
        try:
            # 如果消息队列中有消息,从消息队列中获取要发送的消息
            message_queue = message_queues.get(s)
            send_data = ''
            if message_queue is not None:
                send_data = message_queue.get_nowait()
            else:
                # 客户端连接断开了
                print "has closed "
        except Queue.Empty:
            # 客户端连接断开了
            print "%s" % (s.getpeername())
            outputs.remove(s)
        else:
            # print "sending %s to %s " % (send_data, s.getpeername)
            # print "send something"
            if message_queue is not None:
                s.send(send_data)
            else:
                print "has closed "
            # del message_queues[s]
            # writable.remove(s)
            # print "Client %s disconnected" % (client_address)

    # # Handle "exceptional conditions"
    # 处理异常的情况
    for s in exceptional:
        print ('exception condition on', s.getpeername())
        # Stop listening for input on the connection
        inputs.remove(s)
        if s in outputs:
            outputs.remove(s)
        s.close()

        # Remove message queue
        del message_queues[s]

    sleep(1)
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1. 客户端

# coding: utf-8
import socket


messages = ['This is the message ', 'It will be sent ', 'in parts ', ]

server_address = ('localhost', 8090)

# Create aTCP/IP socket

socks = [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM), socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,  socket.SOCK_STREAM), ]

# Connect thesocket to the port where the server is listening

print ('connecting to %s port %s' % server_address)
# 连接到服务器
for s in socks:
    s.connect(server_address)

for index, message in enumerate(messages):
    # Send messages on both sockets
    for s in socks:
        print ('%s: sending "%s"' % (s.getsockname(), message + str(index)))
        s.send(bytes(message + str(index)).decode('utf-8'))
    # Read responses on both sockets

for s in socks:
    data = s.recv(1024)
    print ('%s: received "%s"' % (s.getsockname(), data))
    if data != "":
        print ('closingsocket', s.getsockname())
        s.close()
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写代码过程中遇到了两个问题, 一是如何判断客户端已经关闭了socket连接, 后来自己分析了下, 如果关闭了客户端socket, 那么此时服务器端接收到的data就是’’, 加个这个判断。二是如果服务器端关闭了socket, 一旦在调用socket的相关方法都会报错, 不管socket是不是用不同的容器存储的(意思是说list_1存储了socket1, list_2存储了socket1, 我关闭了socket1, 两者都不能在调用这个socket了)

服务端：

客户端：